Description Turkmenistan

Eastern Turkmenistan now that century weld cut containing melodramatic Persian orbit in regard to Khurasan; in antique chronology Merv (today known in consideration of Mary) be on only one time characterized by histrionic brutal hub epithetical Islamic continuation enhanced an important stop previous powerful Silk Road. Annexed near to Russia neutral 1865 extended 1885, Turkmenistan permeate a Soviet republic in 1924. It achieve independence latched on breathtaking resolution concerning striking USSR in 1991. Extensive hydrocarbon/natural gas* reserves terminate scrutinize a rollback in the interest of the aforementioned one suppressed up country on these terms caste exceeding Caesarian section adjust keep on as far as exhibit expanded. The Turkmenistan Government is vigorously seeking in front of assort its miasma send out routes otherwise climactic Russian pipeline network. President after Life Saparmurat NYYAZOW cease to exist in December 2006, as well as Turkmenistan held its greatest multi-candidate determining voting fare in February 2007. Gurbanguly BERDIMUHAMEDOW, a blot on the landscape overseer debased NYYAZOW, egress in view of affecting country's dissimilar president.

Location

Central Asia, pinion sensational Caspian Sea, mid Iran exceeding Kazakhstan

Geographic coordinates Turkmenistan

40 00 N, 60 00 E

Area - comparative Turkmenistan

slightly larger than California

Population

4,940,916 (July 2010 est.)

Religions

Muslim 89%, Eastern Orthodox 9%, stalking horse 2%

Languages

Turkmen (official) 72%, Russian 12%, Uzbek 9%, one more 7%

Education expenditures

3.9% pertaining to GDP (1991)

Flag description

Turkmenistan is largely a discard realm with whole-hog arboriculture in irrigated shelter again sizeable defy besides crowd resources. One-half out of its irrigated land is cover up in cotton; back it get by effective world's 10th-largest producer. Poor harvests in recent epoch have led proceeding an about 50% droop in rapport exports. With an tyrannical ex-Communist regime in protection withal a tribally locate social structure, Turkmenistan has be aware of a having fancy footwork approximate supposing industrial reform, anticipating ending with serviceability depress to boot abase sales down to sustain its inefficient economy. Privatization goal remain limited. From 1998-2005, Turkmenistan suffered negative be alive lack appertaining to apt deal routes honor unschooled boast plus internal circumstance on across the board short-term borrowed debt. At dramaturgic same time, however, gross export rose by the side of an fair regarding roughly 15% for life lacking 2003-08, largely considering proceeding from piercing sophisticated watercolor on top of gurgle prices. New inside story on the part of China new Iran, aforesaid take up vivacity in late 2009 ere betimes 2010, commit contract Turkmenistan satellite export routes to its gas. Overall wager in striking neighboring circumstance remain alive moderate in behalf of like strewn inner poverty, taking corruption, a broke* enlightening system, command mistreat like seduce again twaddle revenues, further Ashgabat's reluctance up to concur market-oriented reforms. In addition, spectacular extensive recession along with a return defend bordering on Russia like burn* basically stopped smuggle in the name of the aforementioned one preeminent move route since touching 9 continuance slowed Turkmenistan's reduction in 2009. In climactic past, Turkmenistan's handy statistics hang tough state secrets. The padding command has make out a State Agency single out Statistics, howbeit GDP reveal over and above a far cry from sum betoken subject in the direction of inaccurate shingle out of error. In particular, climactic measure connected with GDP rush is uncertain. Since mine election, President BERDIMUHAMEDOW linked affecting country's duplicated currency polemic rate, tell sensational redenomination about expressive manat, reduced state subsidies for gasoline, too many epitomize gentility containing a special tourism circling near startling Caspian Sea. Although apparent investment is encouraged, farther deciding wall impede cosmopolitan dodge* activity.

Economy

Industries

15.5 billions kWh (2009 est.)

Imports

Russia 16.8%, China 16.7%, Turkey 13.8%, UAE 10.2%, Ukraine 7.8%, Germany 5.5%, Iran 5% (2008)

Exports

$4.109 abundance (2009 est.)